Cost Efficiencies and Upward Pricing Pressure

Upward Pricing Pressure and Crit ical Loss Analysis: Response

Upward Spirality and Upward Planarity Testing

The upward planarity testing problem is known to be NPhard. We describe an O(n)-time upward planarity testing and embedding algorithm for the class of digraphs that do not contain rigid triconnected components. We also present a new FPT algorithm that solves the upward planarity testing and embedding problem for general digraphs.

Marginal cost pricing versus insurance

The regulator of a natural monopoly that sets a two-part tariff and whose marginal cost is stochastic will generally want the price to vary less than marginal cost when the lump-sum charge in the tariff is fixed. A trade-off exists between efficient pricing and an optimal allocation of risk. Pricing at marginal cost is only optimal when the consumer’s marginal utility is independent of the pric...

Hospital pricing: cost shifting and competition.

The issue of cost shifting has taken on enormous policy implications. It is estimated that unsponsored and undercompensated hospital costs--one measure of cost shifting--has totaled $21.5 billion in 1991. The health services research literature indicates that hospitals set different prices for different payers. However, the empirical evidence on hospitals' ability to raise prices to one payer t...

Marginal Cost Pricing and Eminent Domain

There are three separate strands of literature in economics that are related to the efficiency of takings under eminent domain: one addresses the question of optimal compensation for properties that are taken, the second inquires how governments might learn the values of properties that they consider taking, while the third analyzes solutions to the problem of land assembly. This essay reviews ...